The impact of climate change on global political stability is an increasingly pressing issue. Rising global temperatures, changing rainfall patterns, and the increasing frequency of natural disasters have major implications for the security and stability of countries. In this context, several main factors need to be taken into account. First, the impact of climate change can trigger mass migration. As temperatures rise and natural resources become scarce, especially water and agricultural land, many people will be forced to move. For example, in the Sahel region of Africa, a prolonged drought has displaced millions of people, increasing pressure on host countries. This phenomenon can cause social tension and conflict, and in some cases, threaten the integrity of the state. Second, climate change also causes economic instability. Many countries depend on an agricultural sector that is vulnerable to extreme weather conditions. The costs of crop failure can spark public anger and protests, as seen in countries experiencing crop failure due to climate change. The collapse of the local economy could trigger widespread discontent and, in the long term, undermine the foundations of the government. Furthermore, competition for increasingly scarce resources, such as water, can create tensions between countries. The case of the Nile River, for example, shows how countries dependent on a single water source can come into conflict with each other. Dam construction projects downstream could create dissatisfaction from upstream countries, potentially triggering serious political disputes. In addition, the impact of climate change on public health also contributes to instability. Spikes in climate change-related diseases, such as malaria and dengue, could disrupt health services and lead to inadequate government responses. Public dissatisfaction with the government’s weakness in dealing with the health crisis will worsen the political situation and create a fertile environment for social tensions. Countries with low mitigation capabilities, such as developing countries, are most vulnerable to these impacts. They often do not have enough resources to adapt to climate change, adding to economic burdens and exacerbating instability. In this context, international cooperation is crucial to strengthen the capacity of these countries to face the challenges of climate change. Furthermore, climate change affects the foreign policies of major countries. With increasing uncertainty caused by climate change, countries may be more inclined to take a more aggressive approach in protecting their interests. This could create a more antagonistic atmosphere on the international scene and increase the risk of armed conflict. In the digital era, climate shifts can strengthen radicalization among communities that feel marginalized. Social media platforms are often used to spread extreme ideologies, which can be exacerbated by dissatisfaction with environmental and economic conditions. This will further increase challenges to political stability, especially in conflict-prone countries. With these factors in mind, it is important to encourage discussion of climate change as an issue that leads to policies to mitigate its negative impacts. Ultimately, successful mitigation of the impacts of climate change requires strong global cooperation, in order to create a more stable, safe and sustainable world in the future.
