Russia’s geopolitical interests in global dynamics reflect deep complexity and strategy, rooted in a long history and abundant resource power. Russia, as the largest country in the world, has a geographical position that allows influence in various regions, from Europe to the Asia Pacific. Russia’s presence in the Arctic, for example, is one of the main focuses in its geopolitical strategy. With climate change opening up new shipping routes and potential energy resource reserves, Russia is doing its best to explore and claim the region. Infrastructure projects such as ports and freight cycleways in the Arctic region demonstrate Russia’s commitment to becoming the dominant power in Arctic maritime control. On the other hand, Russia’s interests in Eastern Europe are clearly evident through its involvement in the Ukrainian conflict that began in 2014. Russia defends these actions with historical and ethnic considerations, emphasizing the importance of protecting the Russian-speaking population. This policy has fueled long-standing tensions with NATO and the European Union, creating new frontiers on Europe’s geopolitical map. Energy control is also a major factor in Russia’s geopolitical strategy. As one of the largest energy producers, Russia uses natural gas and oil as a tool of diplomacy and influence. Through gas pipeline projects such as Nord Stream to Europe, Russia not only guarantees energy supplies but also secures its influence over European countries that depend on that energy. Furthermore, Russia plays an important role in the Middle East, especially in the Syrian conflict. Russia’s military involvement in Syria represents an attempt to restore influence in a region previously controlled by Western powers. Support for Bashar al-Assad’s regime not only protects Russia’s interests in the short term but also strengthens its strategic position in the Mediterranean. In the Asian context, Russia collaborates closely with countries such as China and India. Through organizations such as BRICS and the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, Russia is strengthening economic and defense ties that can mitigate the influence of the West, especially the United States. This cooperation, especially in the fields of technology and defense, shows Russia’s potential to become a key player in global geopolitical decisions. Fluctuations in the global order also influence Russia’s interests. The rise of nationalism and populism in various countries makes Russia an observer and sometimes an active driver. Its role in questioning multilateral authority can change existing power dynamics, especially in international forums such as the UN. Russia’s geopolitical interests are further strengthened by economic sanctions imposed by the West. This response to sanctions has become a means of encouraging domestic sector development and strengthening alliances with non-Western countries. This series of steps aims to protect Russia’s national interests in the international arena. In this case, Russia seeks to build resilience against external factors that threaten the sovereignty and integrity of the country. Strategic independence in terms of economics, technology and energy is a priority to maintain state influence and control in an increasingly complex geopolitical context. With its emphasis on an aggressive and sometimes confrontational foreign policy, Russia shows that its geopolitical interests are rooted not only in history but also in aspirations to become a recognized global power.
