Indonesia’s diplomatic relations with other countries have a long history full of dynamics. Since independence in 1945, Indonesia has been active in establishing international cooperation to strengthen its position in the world. In a historical context, this relationship can be seen from several significant periods. The initial period, post-independence, was marked by Indonesia’s efforts to be recognized as a sovereign state. The Round Table Conference (1949) was a crucial moment in which the Netherlands recognized Indonesia’s sovereignty. At the same time, Indonesia also began to establish relations with newly independent countries, especially in Asia and Africa, and joined the Non-Aligned Movement in 1961. The 1960s saw an increase in Indonesia’s relations with socialist countries, such as the Soviet Union and China. Indonesia, under the leadership of President Sukarno, encouraged the ideas of anti-imperialism and solidarity between developing countries. This collaboration also provides Indonesia with support in the economic and military fields. With the change of regime in 1967, Indonesia’s diplomatic relations experienced a shift. The New Order under President Suharto was more pro-Western and strengthened ties with countries such as the United States. The two signed various agreements in the fields of trade, defense and technical assistance. In this context, Indonesia actively participates in international forums, including ASEAN, which was formed in 1967. Entering the reform era at the end of the 1990s, Indonesia faced new challenges. Its diplomatic relations need to be restructured to reflect stronger democratic values and human rights. Cooperation with Western countries is starting to involve environmental issues and sustainable development. In recent years, Indonesia has taken steps to strengthen relations with countries in the Pacific region, including Australia and G20 member countries. Economic diplomacy is the main focus, with Indonesia trying to attract investment and increase exports. Bilateral relations with Southeast Asian countries also continue to be strengthened, driven by the same vision and mission on regional security issues. The various challenges facing Indonesia, such as climate change and the problem of violent extremism, require a strong diplomatic response. Therefore, Indonesia continues to collaborate with international organizations such as the UN and other multilateral platforms. Efforts to become a leader on global issues, such as social welfare and sustainable development, are increasingly visible. In the coming years, Indonesia is expected to play a more significant role in the international diplomatic scene. By embracing the concept of maritime diplomacy, Indonesia is trying to strengthen its position as a connecting country between the continent and the ocean. Initiatives such as the “World Maritime Axis” are important steps to improve maritime relations with other countries, including maritime trade and security. In the overall analysis, Indonesia’s diplomatic relations with other countries reflect a rich and complex historical journey. From recognizing independence to playing an active role in international forums, Indonesia continues to strengthen its network to achieve better sovereignty and prosperity. Adaptive, flexible and responsive diplomacy is the key for Indonesia in facing global challenges in the future.
